Medieval city-fortress Lori (Lori Berd). Its Ruins are located 5 km. to the northeast of Stepanavan regional center, on the left bank of River Dzoraget. The fortress was founded by David Anhoghin approximately in 1005-the 1020s. As it was situated on the northern trade route, Lori was a big cultural and trading center in medieval Armenia. In XI-XIIIcc. In Lori lived about 10 000 people. The outer wall occupies an area of 9 ha. In 1105 Lori was occupied by Seljuks for a short time, then in 1118 by Georgians. The city with its surrounding lands passed to Georgians Orbeli. Then in 1185, Sarkis Zakaryan became the governor of the city and after his death, his responsibilities passed to his sons Ivane and Zakare Zakaryans. In 1236 Mongolian army crashed into the city and robbed the treasury of Shahanshah Zakaryan, destroying David Anhoghin’s wife’s tomb. In 1430 Lori was governed by Armenians Orbeli. In 1562-1734s Turks and Persians fought for Lori, as it had an important strategic meaning. Later in XVIIIc. Lori lost its military value and became a simple fortress. It was settled by the emigrants who were forced to leave their homes. And there was founded the same-named village, which was abandoned in 1926-the 1930s.
The ruins of Lori cover about 35 ha and are located on a plateau 1490 m above the sea level between Dzoraget River and its inflow Miskhan. Deep canyons of this area made the Lori Berd fortress unapproachable. Comparatively on the east side, on the northwest, a huge wall was built and was 214 m. long, it had alternating round and square towers. Here in the corner was the only entrance to the fortress. In some parts, the wall had 20 m. width and 25 m. height. The city wall stretched 500 m. northwest from the fortress wall. Kyurikyans later Zakaryans and their descendants built in Lori palaces, churches, bathhouses, bridges, and khachkars. In Lori were found different tools, weapons, jewelry, and different vessels made of clay, glass, or stone. This shows that different kinds of handicrafts were well developed in Lori.
